Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

Publication Date

Summer 7-28-2026

Abstract

Quantum sensors achieve exceptional measurement sensitivity through coherent, well-isolated quantum systems, but practical deployment is hindered by destructive readouts that require repeated state preparation and create long system dead times. Optical cavities enable continuous, nondestructive measurements with minimal back-action, yet integrating high-finesse cavities into scalable quantum devices remains limited by existing fabrication methods. To overcome these constraints, an adaptive CO₂ laser-milling platform was developed. Guided by glass thermodynamics and melt dynamics, this closed-loop system uses in-situ phase-shifting interferometry to sculpt complex fused-silica surfaces with sub-nanometer root-mean-square roughness. The platform was validated by fabricating extended-length fiber Fabry–Pérot cavities and monolithic micro-cavity arrays achieving a finesse of 4745. Furthermore, ultrafast laser inscription was used to create three-dimensional depressed-cladding waveguides in fused silica, confirming optical guiding over an 11.7 mm length. Together, these techniques provide a scalable hardware framework for robust atom–photon interfaces in field-deployable quantum sensors.

Degree Name

Optical Science and Engineering

Level of Degree

Doctoral

Department Name

Optical Science and Engineering

First Committee Member (Chair)

Ganesh Balakrishnan

Second Committee Member

Spencer Olson

Third Committee Member

Francesca Cavallo

Fourth Committee Member

Nathan Jackson

Keywords

Quantum sensing; Optical cavities; Atom–photon interactions; CO₂ laser microfabrication; Adaptive laser milling; Fabry–Pérot resonators; Fused silica; Atom chips; Ultrafast laser inscription; Integrated photonics

Document Type

Dissertation

Language

English

Comments

I was told this would have an embargo and would not be released to the public until it was removed. 

Update from when I first submitted this. The PR number was received and no embargo is needed. The PR number is AFRL-2026-3364

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