Summary Information
Riparian Evapotranspiration (ET) Study (SEON) from the Middle Rio Grande River Bosque, New Mexico (1999-2011 ): CO2 Concentration and Flux data
Creator: Individual: Clifford Dahm Physical Address: Delivery Address: Sevilleta LTER, 167 Castetter Hall, University of New Mexico City: Albuquerque Locality: NM Postal Code: 87131 Phone: US Email: cdahm@sevilleta.unm.edu
Creator: Individual: Jim Thibault Organization: UNM Biology Department Physical Address: Delivery Address: UNM Biology Dept, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico City: Albuquerque Locality: NM Postal Code: 87131 Phone: US Phone: (505) 277-1151 Phone: (505) 277.6318 Email: jrtebo@sevilleta.unm.edu
Metadata Provider: Organization: Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Project URL: http://sev.lternet.edu
Publication Date:	2016-07-20
Language:	English
Abstract: This study originated with the objective of parameterizing riparian evapotranspiration (ET) in the water budget of the Middle Rio Grande. We hypothesized that flooding and invasions of non-native species would strongly impact ecosystem water use. Our objectives were to measure and compare water use of native (Rio Grande cottonwood, Populus deltoides ssp. wizleni) and non-native (saltcedar, Tamarix chinensis, Russian olive, Eleagnus angustifolia) vegetation and to evaluate how water use is affected by climatic variability resulting in high river flows and flooding as well as drought conditions and deep water tables. Eddy covariance flux towers to measure ET and shallow wells to monitor water tables were instrumented in 1999. Active sites in their second decade of monitoring include a xeroriparian, non-flooding salt cedar woodland within Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge and a dense, monotypic salt cedar stand at Bosque del Apache NWR, which is subject to flood pulses associated with high river flows. These data are CO2 concentration at canopy and CO2 flux from canopy collected as part of this study.
Keywords: Keyword: primary production Keyword Thesaurus: Core Areas
Keywords: Keyword: carbon fluxes Keyword: eddy covariance Keyword: eddy covariance Keyword: forest ecosystems Keyword Thesaurus: LTER Controlled Vocabulary
Additional Information: SEV ET 3/18/2000--12/31/2011, water table 4/16/1999--12/31/2014 BDAS ET 3/16/2000--12/31/2011, water table 4/17/1999--6/30/2014 SHK ET 3/18/2000--12/31/2007, water table 3/16/2000--12/31/2013 BLN ET 3/22/2000--5/17/2004, water table 3/15/2000--11/18/2008 LARO ET 3/6/2003--12/17/2008, water table 4/16/2003--12/31/2009 Note: the data are not continuous--all sites have numerous breaks in the data. Additionally, instruments were introduced and retired at various times. For example, measurements of latent heat flux began with krypton hygrometers (LE_kh_c) and were replaced by infrared gas analyzers (LE_irga_c), which also commenced CO2 data (Fc_c, co2_a). Soil water content (soil_water) and a backup barometric sensor (P_mb_2) were added in 2003. Solar radiation (Rg_AVG) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR_AVG) were added in 2006.
Intellectual Rights: Data Policies This dataset is released to the public and may be freely downloaded. Please keep the designated contact person informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation or collaboration with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset must include proper acknowledgement of the Sevilleta LTER. A copy of any publications using these data must be supplied to the Sevilleta LTER Information Manager.
Distribution: Online: URL: http://sev.lternet.edu/content/riparian-evapotranspiration-et-study-seon-middle-rio-grande-river-bosque-new-mexico-1999-1
Coverage: Geographic Goverage: Geographic Description: La Joya State Game Refuge, west side of Rio Grande, approx. 3.5 km downstream (S) of Rio Puerco confluence with Rio Grande. Bounding Coordinates: West Bounding Coordinates: -106.859 East Bounding Coordinates: -106.859 North Bounding Coordinates: 34.3471 South Bounding Coordinates: 34.3471 Bounding Altitude: Altitude Minimum: 1435 Altitude Maximum: 1435 Altitude Units: meter Geographic Goverage: Geographic Description: Sevilleta NWR, west side of Rio Grande, approx. 1.5 km upstream (N) of San Acacia Diversion. Bounding Coordinates: West Bounding Coordinates: -106.868 East Bounding Coordinates: -106.868 North Bounding Coordinates: 34.2656 South Bounding Coordinates: 34.2656 Bounding Altitude: Altitude Minimum: 1427 Altitude Maximum: 1427 Altitude Units: meter Geographic Goverage: Geographic Description: Bosque del Apache NWR, west side of Rio Grande, approx. 1.5 km downstream (S) of NWR bridge over Low Flow Conveyance Channel. Bounding Coordinates: West Bounding Coordinates: -106.877 East Bounding Coordinates: -106.877 North Bounding Coordinates: 33.7811 South Bounding Coordinates: 33.7811 Bounding Altitude: Altitude Minimum: 1373 Altitude Maximum: 1373 Altitude Units: meter Temporal Coverage: Date Range: Begin Date: Calendar Date: 2003-07-28 End Date: Calendar Date: 2011-12-31 Taxonomic Coverage: Taxonomic Classification: Taxon Rank Name: Species Taxon Rank Value: Populus deltoides spp. wizleni Common Name: Rio Grande Cottonwood Taxonomic Classification: Taxon Rank Name: Species Taxon Rank Value: Tamarix chinensis Common Name: Saltcedar Taxonomic Classification: Taxon Rank Name: Species Taxon Rank Value: Eleagnus angustifolia Common Name: Russian olive Taxonomic Classification: Taxon Rank Name: Species Taxon Rank Value: Salix exigua Common Name: Coyote Willow
Contact: Position Title: Information Manager Organization: LTER Network Office Physical Address: Delivery Address: UNM Biology Department, MSC03-2020 Delivery Address: 1 University of New Mexico City: Albuquerque Locality: NM Postal Code: 87131-0001 Phone: USA Phone: 505 277-2535 Phone: 505 277-2541 Email: tech-support@lternet.edu URL: http://www.lternet.edu
Contact: Individual: Information Manager Sevilleta LTER Physical Address: Delivery Address: 1 University of New Mexico City: Albuquerque Postal Code: 87131 Phone: US Phone: (505) 277-2109 Phone: (505) 277.5355 Email: data-use@sevilleta.unm.edu
Publication Place:	Sevilleta LTER
Method Step: Description: Three-dimensional eddy covariance: Measures fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and momentum, integrated over an area such as a vegetation canopy. High frequency measurements are made of vertical wind speed and water vapor, and their covariance over thirty minutes is used to compute latent heat flux, the heat absorbed by evaporation, from the canopy surface. Latent heat flux (LE) is converted to a direct measurement of evapotranspiration (ET). Simultaneous, high frequency measurements of temperature are used with vertical wind speed to compute the sensible heat flux (H), the heat transfer due to vertical temperature gradients. Measuring net radiation (Rn) and ground heat flux (G), allows the energy balance to be calculated (Rn = LE + H + G), providing a self-check for accuracy and closure error. Instrumentation: Current Instruments: *Instrument Name: 3-D Sonic Anemometer *Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: CSAT3 *Instrument Name: CO2/H2O Analyzer *Manufacturer: Li-Cor, Inc. (Lincoln, NE) *Model Number: LI-7500 *Instrument Name: Net Radiometer *Manufacturer: Kipp & Zonen (Delft, The Netherlands) *Model Number: CNR1 *Instrument Name: Barometric Pressure Sensor *Manufacturer: Vaisala (Helsinki, Finland) *Model Number: CS105 *Instrument Name: Temperature and Relative Humidity Probe *Manufacturer: Vaisala (Helsinki, Finland) *Model Number: HMP45C *Instrument Name: Wind Sentry (Anemometer and Vane) *Manufacturer: R.M. Young (Traverse City, MI) *Model Number: 03001 *Instrument Name: Tipping Bucket Rain Gage *Manufacturer: Texas Electronics, Inc. (Dallas, TX) *Model Number: TE525 *Instrument Name: Quantum Sensor (PAR) *Manufacturer: Li-Cor, Inc. (Lincoln, NE) *Model Number: LI-190 *Instrument Name: Water Content Reflectometer *Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: CS616 *Instrument Name: Soil Heat Flux Plate *Manufacturer: Radiation and Energy Balance Systems, Inc. (Bellevue, WA) *Model Number: HFT3 *Instrument Name: Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe *Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: TCAV *Instrument Name: Measurement and Control System (Datalogger) *Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: CR5000 *Instrument Name: Levelogger and Barologger (Water Table) *Manufacturer: Solinst Canada Ltd. (Georgetown, ON, Canada) *Model Number: 3001 LT M10 and 3001 LT M1.5 *Instrument Name: Mini-Diver, Cera-Diver, and Baro-Diver (Water Table) *Manufacturer: Van Essen Instruments ((Delft, The Netherlands) *Model Number: DI501, DI701, and DI500 Discontinued Instruments: *Instrument Name: Krypton Hygrometer *Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: KH2O *Instrument Name: Net Radiometer *Manufacturer: Radiation and Energy Balance Systems, Inc. (Bellevue, WA) *Model Number: Q-7.1 *Instrument Name: Pyranometer *Manufacturer: Kipp & Zonen (Delft, The Netherlands) *Model Number: CM3 *Instrument Name: Micrologger *Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: CR23X *Instrument Name: Submersible Sensor Pressure Transducer (Water Table) *Manufacturer: Electronic Engineering Innovations (Las Cruces, NM) *Model Number: 2.0 (2 m) and 5.0 (4 m)
Method Step: Description: Sites: Two Rio Grande riparian locations in P. deltoides forests, two in T. chinensis forests. In each forest type, one of the two sites is prone to flooding from elevated Rio Grande flows, and the other site does not flood. A fifth site was located in a mix of non-native Eleagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) and native Salix exigua (coyote willow) prone to flooding.
Method Step: Description: Design: Eddy covariance systems were mounted on towers in the turbulent surface layer 2-2.5 m above the canopy. Measurement period was 10 Hz and the covariance period was 30 minutes. Additional energy fluxes were made at 1 Hz and averaged over 30 minutes.
Quality Control: Description: a] Before ET is computed from LE, various standard corrections are applied. These include: coordinate rotation to align the wind vector with the sonic anemometer, corrections developed from frequency response relationships that incorporate sensor line averaging and separation (Massman corrections), and corrections to account for flux effects on vapor density as opposed to mixing ratio measurements. Corrections are made in a data analysis (Perl) program. See Cleverly, et al., Hydrological Processes 20: 3207-3225, 2006 for more detail and references. b] On days in which 1-4 of the 30 min LE values are missing, a general linear regression model between LE and Rn is used to estimate missing data whenever the regression coefficient was significantly different from 0 (i.e. p > 0.5). ET is not calculated from LE on days that do not match the above criteria. c] Other missing data required for derived data values, as well as out of range data are filtered out in data analysis (Perl) programs. d] Closure of the energy balance is achieved by adding the measured Bowen Ration (H/LE) components to H and LE. Closure represents the error introduced when applying the energy balance method to estimate ET: closure = Rn - LE - H - G. The measured Bowen Ratio, H / LE, is used to parse the closure value into component H and LE values. e] Soil water content data are calibrated with soil water content (% vol) values measured from field samples by linear regression in a data analysis (Perl) program.
Data Table: Entity Name: sev312_bosqueETCO2_20160720.txt Entity Description: CO2 concentration and flux data from ET Study. Object Name: sev312_bosqueETCO2_20160720.csv Size: 11239774 Data Format: Text Format: Number of Header Lines: 1 Record Delimiter: \r\n Attribute Orientation: column Simple Delimited: Field Delimiter: , Distribution: Online: URL: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-sev/312/1/bb50c94e1a2ac768f769872eee7348d3 Attribute List: Attribute Name: Site Attribute Label: Site Attribute Definition: Site along the Rio Grande River where data were collected Storage Type: string Measurement Scale: Nominal: Non Numeric Domain: Text Domain: Definition: Site along the Rio Grande River where data were collected Attribute Name: Year Attribute Label: Year Attribute Definition: Year of data collection Storage Type: string Measurement Scale: Nominal: Non Numeric Domain: Text Domain: Definition: Year of data collection Attribute Name: Day Attribute Label: Day Attribute Definition: Day of year (1-365) when data were collected Storage Type: date Measurement Scale: Datetime: Format String: YYYY Attribute Name: Time Attribute Label: Time Attribute Definition: Time of day that data were collected (00:00 to 23:30) Storage Type: date Measurement Scale: Datetime: Format String: hh:mm Attribute Name: Fc_c Attribute Label: Fc_c Attribute Definition: CO2 flux from canopy, corrected with post-processing. Computational Method for Derived Data: Covariance of vertical wind speed and the density of CO2 in the air. Computed by the CR5000. Measurement Scale: Ratio: Unit: Custom Unit: milligranPerMeterSquaredPerSecond Numeric Domain: Number Type: real Bounds: Minimum: -1 Maximum: 1 Missing Value Code: Code: -999.9999 Code Explanation: missing Attribute Name: co2_a Attribute Label: co2_a Attribute Definition: CO2 concentration at canopy Measurement Scale: Ratio: Unit: Standard Unit: milligramsPerCubicMeter Precision: 0.0001 Numeric Domain: Number Type: real Bounds: Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1000 Missing Value Code: Code: -999.9999 Code Explanation: missing