| Summary Information |
| Riparian Evapotranspiration (ET) Study (SEON) from the Middle Rio Grande River Bosque,
New Mexico (1999-2011): Energy Balance Data
|
| Creator: |
| Individual: |
Clifford Dahm |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
Sevilleta LTER, 167 Castetter Hall, University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Locality: |
NM |
| Postal Code: |
87131 |
| Phone: |
US |
|
| Email: |
cdahm@sevilleta.unm.edu |
|
| Creator: |
| Individual: |
Jim Thibault |
| Organization: |
UNM Biology Department |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
UNM Biology Dept, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Locality: |
NM |
| Postal Code: |
87131 |
| Phone: |
US |
|
| Phone: |
(505) 277-1151 |
| Phone: |
(505) 277.6318 |
| Email: |
jrtebo@sevilleta.unm.edu |
|
| Publication Date: |
2016-07-27 |
| Language: |
English |
| Abstract: |
| This study originated with the objective of parameterizing riparian evapotranspiration
(ET) in the water budget of the Middle Rio Grande. We hypothesized that flooding and
invasions of non-native species would strongly impact ecosystem water use. Our objectives
were to measure and compare water use of native (Rio Grande cottonwood, Populus deltoides
ssp. wizleni) and non-native (saltcedar, Tamarix chinensis & Russian olive, Eleagnus
angustifolia) vegetation and to evaluate how water use is affected by climatic variability
resulting in high river flows and flooding as well as drought conditions and deep
water tables. Eddy covariance flux towers to measure ET and shallow wells to monitor
water tables were instrumented in 1999. Active sites in their second decade of monitoring
include a xeroriparian, non-flooding salt cedar woodland within Sevilleta National
Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and a dense, monotypic salt cedar stand at Bosque del Apache
NWR, which is subject to flood pulses associated with high river flows. These data
are energy balance data collected as part of this study.
|
|
|
| Keywords: |
| Keyword: |
primary production |
| Keyword Thesaurus: |
Core Areas |
|
| Keywords: |
| Keyword: |
floods |
| Keyword: |
climate |
| Keyword: |
fluxes |
| Keyword: |
eddy covariance |
| Keyword: |
respiration |
| Keyword: |
forest ecosystems |
| Keyword Thesaurus: |
LTER Controlled Vocabulary |
|
| Additional Information: |
| Note: the data are not continuous--all sites have numerous breaks in the data. Additionally,
instruments were introduced and retired at various times. For example, measurements
of latent heat flux began with krypton hygrometers (LE_kh_c) and were replaced by
infrared gas analyzers (LE_irga_c), which also commenced CO2 data (Fc_c, co2_a). Soil
water content (soil_water) and a backup barometric sensor (P_mb_2) were added in 2003.
Solar radiation (Rg_AVG) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR_AVG) were added
in 2006.
|
|
| Intellectual Rights: |
| Data Policies |
| This dataset is released to the public and may be freely downloaded. Please keep the
designated contact person informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation or
collaboration with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications
and data products that make use of the dataset must include proper acknowledgement
of the Sevilleta LTER. A copy of any publications using these data must be supplied
to the Sevilleta LTER Information Manager.
|
|
|
| Distribution: |
| Online: |
| URL: |
http://sev.lternet.edu/content/riparian-evapotranspiration-et-study-seon-middle-rio-grande-river-bosque-new-mexico-1999-2 |
|
|
| Coverage: |
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
Albuquerque South Valley (access off Shirk Ln), east side of Rio Grande, approx. 1
km upstream (N) of U.S. Interstate 25 bridge over Rio Grande.
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.683 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.683 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
34.9588 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
34.9588 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1496 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1496 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
Bosque del Apache NWR, west side of Rio Grande, approx. 1.5 km downstream (S) of NWR
bridge over Low Flow Conveyance Channel.
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.877 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.877 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
33.7811 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
33.7811 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1373 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1373 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
Sevilleta NWR, west side of Rio Grande, approx. 1.5 km upstream (N) of San Acacia
Diversion.
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.868 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.868 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
34.2656 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
34.2656 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1427 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1427 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
La Joya State Game Refuge, west side of Rio Grande, approx. 3.5 km downstream (S)
of Rio Puerco confluence with Rio Grande.
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.859 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.859 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
34.3471 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
34.3471 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1435 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1435 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
South of Belen (Rio Communities, access off NM 304 via La Grima Rd.), east side of
Rio Grande, approx. 7 km downstream (S) of NM 309 bridge over Rio Grande.
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.749 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.749 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
34.5901 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
34.5901 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1458 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1458 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Temporal Coverage: |
| Date Range: |
| Begin Date: |
| Calendar Date: |
1999-04-02 |
|
| End Date: |
| Calendar Date: |
2011-12-31 |
|
|
|
|
| Contact: |
| Position Title: |
Information Manager |
| Organization: |
LTER Network Office |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
UNM Biology Department, MSC03-2020 |
| Delivery Address: |
1 University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Locality: |
NM |
| Postal Code: |
87131-0001 |
| Phone: |
USA |
|
| Phone: |
505 277-2535 |
| Phone: |
505 277-2541 |
| Email: |
tech-support@lternet.edu |
| URL: |
http://www.lternet.edu |
|
| Contact: |
| Individual: |
Information Manager Sevilleta LTER |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
1 University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Postal Code: |
87131 |
| Phone: |
US |
|
| Phone: |
(505) 277-2109 |
| Phone: |
(505) 277.5355 |
| Email: |
data-use@sevilleta.unm.edu |
|
| Publisher: |
| Organization: |
Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Project |
| URL: |
http://sev.lternet.edu |
|
| Publication Place: |
Sevilleta LTER |
| Method Step: |
| Description: |
| Three-dimensional eddy covariance: Measures fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat,
and momentum, integrated over an area such as a vegetation canopy. High frequency
measurements are made of vertical wind speed and water vapor, and their covariance
over thirty minutes is used to compute latent heat flux, the heat absorbed by evaporation,
from the canopy surface. Latent heat flux (LE) is converted to a direct measurement
of evapotranspiration (ET). Simultaneous, high frequency measurements of temperature
are used with vertical wind speed to compute the sensible heat flux (H), the heat
transfer due to vertical temperature gradients. Measuring net radiation (Rn) and ground
heat flux (G), allows the energy balance to be calculated (Rn = LE + H + G), providing
a self-check for accuracy and closure error.
|
|
|
| Instrumentation: |
*Instrument Name: 3-D Sonic Anemometer *Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan,
UT) *Model Number: CSAT3 *Instrument Name: CO2/H2O Analyzer *Manufacturer: Li-Cor,
Inc. (Lincoln, NE) *Model Number: LI-7500 *Instrument Name: Net Radiometer *Manufacturer:
Kipp & Zonen (Delft, The Netherlands) *Model Number: CNR1 *Instrument Name: Barometric
Pressure Sensor *Manufacturer: Vaisala (Helsinki, Finland) *Model Number: CS105 *Instrument
Name: Temperature and Relative Humidity Probe *Manufacturer: Vaisala (Helsinki, Finland)
*Model Number: HMP45C *Instrument Name: Wind Sentry (Anemometer and Vane) *Manufacturer:
R.M. Young (Traverse City, MI) *Model Number: 03001 *Instrument Name: Tipping Bucket
Rain Gage *Manufacturer: Texas Electronics, Inc. (Dallas, TX) *Model Number: TE525
*Instrument Name: Quantum Sensor (PAR) *Manufacturer: Li-Cor, Inc. (Lincoln, NE) *Model
Number: LI-190 *Instrument Name: Water Content Reflectometer *Manufacturer: Campbell
Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: CS616 *Instrument Name: Soil Heat Flux
Plate *Manufacturer: Radiation and Energy Balance Systems, Inc. (Bellevue, WA) *Model
Number: HFT3 *Instrument Name: Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe *Manufacturer: Campbell
Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: TCAV *Instrument Name: Measurement and
Control System (Datalogger) *Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model
Number: CR5000 *Instrument Name: Levelogger and Barologger (Water Table) *Manufacturer:
Solinst Canada Ltd. (Georgetown, ON, Canada) *Model Number: 3001 LT M10 and 3001 LT
M1.5 *Instrument Name: Mini-Diver, Cera-Diver, and Baro-Diver (Water Table) *Manufacturer:
Van Essen Instruments ((Delft, The Netherlands) *Model Number: DI501, DI701, and DI500
Discontinued Instruments: *Instrument Name: Krypton Hygrometer *Manufacturer: Campbell
Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: KH2O *Instrument Name: Net Radiometer
*Manufacturer: Radiation and Energy Balance Systems, Inc. (Bellevue, WA) *Model Number:
Q-7.1 *Instrument Name: Pyranometer *Manufacturer: Kipp & Zonen (Delft, The Netherlands)
*Model Number: CM3 *Instrument Name: Micrologger *Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific,
Inc. (Logan, UT) *Model Number: CR23X *Instrument Name: Submersible Sensor Pressure
Transducer (Water Table) *Manufacturer: Electronic Engineering Innovations (Las Cruces,
NM) *Model Number: 2.0 (2 m) and 5.0 (4 m)
|
|
| Method Step: |
| Description: |
| Sites: Two Rio Grande riparian locations in P. deltoides forests, two in T. chinensis
forests. In each forest type, one of the two sites is prone to flooding from elevated
Rio Grande flows, and the other site does not flood. A fifth site was located in a
mix of non-native Eleagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) and native Salix exigua (coyote
willow) prone to flooding.
|
|
|
|
| Method Step: |
| Description: |
| *Design: Eddy covariance systems were mounted on towers in the turbulent surface layer
2-2.5 m above the canopy. Measurement period was 10 Hz and the covariance period was
30 minutes. Additional energy fluxes were made at 1 Hz and averaged over 30 minutes.
|
|
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|
| Quality Control: |
| Description: |
| a] Before ET is computed from LE, various standard corrections are applied. These
include: coordinate rotation to align the wind vector with the sonic anemometer, corrections
developed from frequency response relationships that incorporate sensor line averaging
and separation (Massman corrections), and corrections to account for flux effects
on vapor density as opposed to mixing ratio measurements. Corrections are made in
a data analysis (Perl) program. See Cleverly, et al., Hydrological Processes 20: 3207-3225,
2006 for more detail and references. b] On days in which 1-4 of the 30 min LE values
are missing, a general linear regression model between LE and Rn is used to estimate
missing data whenever the regression coefficient was significantly different from
0 (i.e. p > 0.5). ET is not calculated from LE on days that do not match the above
criteria. c] Other missing data required for derived data values, as well as out of
range data are filtered out in data analysis (Perl) programs. d] Closure of the energy
balance is achieved by adding the measured Bowen Ration (H/LE) components to H and
LE. Closure represents the error introduced when applying the energy balance method
to estimate ET: closure = Rn - LE - H - G. The measured Bowen Ratio, H / LE, is used
to parse the closure value into component H and LE values. e] Soil water content data
are calibrated with soil water content (% vol) values measured from field samples
by linear regression in a data analysis (Perl) program.
|
|
|
| Data Table: |
| Entity Name: |
sev308_bosqueEB_20160727.csv |
| Entity Description: |
Energy balance data collected as part of the Bosque ET study that used eddy covariance
towers.
|
| Object Name: |
sev308_bosqueEB_20160727.csv |
| Size: |
32422218 |
| Data Format: |
| Text Format: |
| Number of Header Lines: |
1 |
| Record Delimiter: |
\r\n |
| Attribute Orientation: |
column |
| Simple Delimited: |
| Field Delimiter: |
, |
|
|
|
| Distribution: |
| Online: |
| URL: |
https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-sev/308/5/a00c143fc214f0575f6bc87424447a0a |
|
|
| Attribute List: |
| Attribute Name: |
Site |
| Attribute Label: |
Site |
| Attribute Definition: |
Site |
| Storage Type: |
string |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Nominal: |
| Non Numeric Domain: |
| Enumerated Domain: |
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
SEV |
| Definition: |
Sevilleta saltcedar |
|
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
BDAS |
| Definition: |
Bosque del Apache saltcedar |
|
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
SHK |
| Definition: |
Albuquerque cottonwood |
|
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
BLN |
| Definition: |
Belen cottonwood |
|
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
LARO |
| Definition: |
La Joya Russian olive/willow |
|
|
|
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
Year |
| Attribute Label: |
Year |
| Attribute Definition: |
Year |
| Storage Type: |
date |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Datetime: |
| Format String: |
YYYY |
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
Day |
| Attribute Label: |
Day |
| Attribute Definition: |
Day of the year (1 to 365) |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Ratio: |
| Unit: |
|
| Standard Unit: |
number |
| Numeric Domain: |
| Number Type: |
real |
| Bounds: |
| Minimum: |
1 |
| Maximum: |
365 |
|
|
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
Time |
| Attribute Label: |
Time |
| Attribute Definition: |
Time of data collection |
| Storage Type: |
date |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Datetime: |
| Format String: |
HHMM |
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
Rn_AVG |
| Attribute Label: |
Rn_AVG |
| Attribute Definition: |
Net radiation (incoming energy available for fluxes of vaporization, sensible heat
and ground heat flux). Computational Method for Derived Data: Difference between downward-
and upward-directed radiative flux, computed by the CR5000.
|
| Measurement Scale: |
| Ratio: |
| Unit: |
|
| Custom Unit: |
wattsPerMeterSquared |
| Numeric Domain: |
| Number Type: |
real |
| Bounds: |
| Minimum: |
-100 |
| Maximum: |
1000 |
|
|
|
|
| Missing Value Code: |
| Code: |
-999.9999 |
| Code Explanation: |
missing |
|
| Attribute Name: |
LE_kh_c |
| Attribute Label: |
LE_kh_c |
| Attribute Definition: |
Latent heat flux from KH2O and CSAT3; Latent heat flux from canopy, used to calculate
ET, corrected with post-processing. Computational Method for Derived Data: Covariance
of vertical wind speed and vapor pressure, multiplied by the latent heat of vaporization
for water, computed by CR5000.
|
| Measurement Scale: |
| Ratio: |
| Unit: |
|
| Custom Unit: |
wattsPerMeterSquared |
| Numeric Domain: |
| Number Type: |
real |
| Bounds: |
| Minimum: |
-100 |
| Maximum: |
1000 |
|
|
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
H |
| Attribute Label: |
H |
| Attribute Definition: |
Sensible heat flux from canopy using virtual, vs. thermocouple measurements of temperature,
corrected with post-processing. Covariance of vertical wind speed and sonic temperature,
multiplied by the density and specific heat of air, computed by CR5000.
|
| Measurement Scale: |
| Ratio: |
| Unit: |
|
| Custom Unit: |
wattsPerMeterSquared |
| Numeric Domain: |
| Number Type: |
real |
| Bounds: |
| Minimum: |
-100 |
| Maximum: |
1000 |
|
|
|
|
| Missing Value Code: |
| Code: |
-999.9999 |
| Code Explanation: |
missing |
|
| Attribute Name: |
G_c |
| Attribute Label: |
G_c |
| Attribute Definition: |
Ground heat flux. Energy conducted from the land surface through the soil profile,
caused by a temperature gradient. Computational Method for Derived Data: The flux
plates measure soil energy flux at a fixed depth, which is added to the energy stored
in the soil above the plates to derive the ground heat flux (G). Stored energy = (soil
temperature difference over time interval * depth to heat flux plate * soil heat capacity)
/ time interval, where soil heat capacity is calculated using measurements of bulk
density, soil water content, and heat capacities of dry soil and water. Computed in
a data analysis (Perl) program.
|
| Measurement Scale: |
| Ratio: |
| Unit: |
|
| Custom Unit: |
wattsPerMeterSquared |
| Numeric Domain: |
| Number Type: |
real |
|
|
|
| Missing Value Code: |
| Code: |
-999.9999 |
| Code Explanation: |
missing |
|
| Attribute Name: |
LE_irga_c |
| Attribute Label: |
LE_irga_c |
| Attribute Definition: |
Latent heat flux from LI-7500 and CSAT3. Latent heat flux from canopy, used to calculate
ET, corrected with post-processing. Covariance of vertical wind speed and vapor pressure,
multiplied by the latent heat of vaporization for water, computed by CR5000.
|
| Measurement Scale: |
| Ratio: |
| Unit: |
|
| Custom Unit: |
wattsPerMeterSquared |
| Numeric Domain: |
| Number Type: |
real |
| Bounds: |
| Minimum: |
-100 |
| Maximum: |
1000 |
|
|
|
|
| Missing Value Code: |
| Code: |
-999.9999 |
| Code Explanation: |
missing |
|
|
|