| Summary Information |
| Riparian Evapotranspiration (ET) Study (SEON) along the Middle Rio Grande Bosque,
New Mexico (1999-2011 )
|
| Creator: |
| Individual: |
Clifford Dahm |
| Organization: |
SEV LTER |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
Sevilleta LTER, 167 Castetter Hall, University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Locality: |
NM |
| Postal Code: |
87131 |
|
| Email: |
cdahm@sevilleta.unm.edu |
| System ID: |
9288 |
|
| Creator: |
| Individual: |
Jim Thibault |
| Organization: |
SEV LTER |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
UNM Biology Dept, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Locality: |
NM |
| Postal Code: |
87131 |
| Phone: |
United States of America |
|
| Phone: |
(505) 277-1151 |
| Phone: |
(505) 277.6318 |
| Email: |
jrtebo@sevilleta.unm.edu |
|
| Associated Party: |
| Individual: |
Jim Thibault |
| Organization: |
SEV LTER |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
UNM Biology Dept, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Locality: |
NM |
| Postal Code: |
87131 |
| Phone: |
United States of America |
|
| Phone: |
(505) 277-1151 |
| Phone: |
(505) 277.6318 |
| Email: |
jrtebo@sevilleta.unm.edu |
| Role: |
data manager |
|
| Associated Party: |
| Individual: |
Jim Thibault |
| Organization: |
SEV LTER |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
UNM Biology Dept, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Locality: |
NM |
| Postal Code: |
87131 |
| Phone: |
United States of America |
|
| Phone: |
(505) 277-1151 |
| Phone: |
(505) 277.6318 |
| Email: |
jrtebo@sevilleta.unm.edu |
| Role: |
field crew |
|
| Publication Date: |
2015 |
| Language: |
english |
| Abstract: |
| This study originated with the objective of parameterizing riparian evapotranspiration
(ET) in the water budget of the Middle Rio Grande. We hypothesized that flooding
and invasions of non-native species would strongly impact ecosystem water use. Our
objectives were to measure and compare water use of native (Rio Grande cottonwood,
Populus deltoides ssp. wizleni) and non-native (saltcedar, Tamarix chinensis and Russian
olive, Eleagnus angustifolia) vegetation and to evaluate how water use is affected
by climatic variability resulting in high river flows and flooding as well as drought
conditions and deep water tables. Eddy covariance flux towers to measure ET and shallow
wells to monitor water tables were instrumented in 1999. Active sites in their second
decade of monitoring include a xeroriparian, non-flooding salt cedar woodland within
Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and a dense, monotypic salt cedar stand at
Bosque del Apache NWR, which is subject to flood pulses associated with high river
flows.
|
|
|
| Keywords: |
| Keyword: |
disturbance |
| Keyword: |
populations |
| Keyword Thesaurus: |
Core Areas |
|
| Keywords: |
| Keyword: |
invasive species |
| Keyword: |
physiology |
| Keyword: |
plant physiology |
| Keyword: |
plant ecology |
| Keyword: |
disturbances |
| Keyword: |
droughts |
| Keyword: |
floods |
| Keyword: |
water level |
| Keyword: |
respiration rates |
| Keyword: |
riparian |
| Keyword: |
long term |
| Keyword: |
fluxes |
| Keyword: |
eddy covariance |
| Keyword: |
transpiration |
| Keyword: |
evapotranspiration |
| Keyword: |
evaporation |
| Keyword: |
water table |
| Keyword: |
forest ecosystems |
| Keyword: |
floodplain |
| Keyword: |
plants |
| Keyword: |
trees |
| Keyword Thesaurus: |
LTER Controlled Vocabulary |
|
| Intellectual Rights: |
| Data Policies |
| This dataset is released to the public and may be freely downloaded. Please keep the
designated Contact person informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation or
collaboration with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications
and data products that make use of the dataset must include proper acknowledgement
of the Sevilleta LTER. Datasets must be cited as in the example below.
Muldavin, E. 2004. Sevilleta LTER Fertilizer NPP Study Dataset. Albuquerque, NM: Sevilleta
Long Term Ecological Research Site Database: SEV155. (Date of download)
A copy of any publications using these data must be supplied to the Sevilleta LTER
Information Manager.
|
|
|
| Distribution: |
| Online: |
| URL: |
http://sev.lternet.edu/node/4021 |
|
|
| Coverage: |
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
Location: Sevilleta NWR, west side of Rio Grande, approx. 1.5 km upstream (N) of
San Acacia Diversion.Landform: Riparian., Geology: Alluvial floodplain., Soils: Sand/silt,
saturated at 2-3 m depth., Hydrology: Riverine, shallow water table., Vegetation:
Phreatophyte (T. chinensis-dominated), Distichlis spicata (saltgrass)., Climate: Semi-arid.,
History: Native vegetation invaded by T. chinensis and overbank flooding eliminated
by surface water controls in early to mid 20th century.,
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.867761 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.867761 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
34.265602 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
34.265602 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1427 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1427 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
Location: Bosque del Apache NWR, west side of Rio Grande, approx. 1.5 km downstream
(S) of NWR bridge over Low Flow Conveyance Channel.Landform: Riparian., Geology: Alluvial
floodplain., Soils: Sand/silt with clay lenses, saturated at 0 - 4 m depth., Hydrology:
Riverine, shallow water table., Vegetation: Phreatophyte (T. chinensis-dominated).,
Climate: Semi-arid., History: Native vegetation invaded by T. chinensis and overbank
flooding diminished by surface water controls in early to mid 20th century. Remains
flood-prone.,
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.877225 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.877225 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
33.781129 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
33.781129 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1373 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1373 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
Location: Albuquerque South Valley (access off Shirk Ln), east side of Rio Grande,
approx. 1 km upstream (N) of U.S. Interstate 25 bridge over Rio Grande.Landform:
Riparian, Geology: Alluvial floodplain., Soils: Sand/silt, saturated at 1 - 2 m depth.,
Hydrology: Riverine, shallow water table., Vegetation: Phreatophyte (P. deltoides-dominated,
T. chinensis, E. angustifolia, and S. exigua understory)., Climate: Semi-arid., History:
Native understory vegetation invaded by T. chinensis and E. angustifolia and overbank
flooding eliminated by surface water controls in early to mid 20th century. ,
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.682848 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.682848 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
34.958771 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
34.958771 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1496 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1496 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
Location: South of Belen (Rio Communities, access off NM 304 via La Grima Rd.), east
side of Rio Grande, approx. 7 km downstream (S) of NM 309 bridge over Rio Grande.Landform:
Riparian., Geology: Alluvial floodplain., Soils: Sand/silt, saturated at 0 - 2 m depth.,
Hydrology: Riverine, shallow water table., Vegetation: Phreatophyte (E. angustifolia-
and S. exigua-dominated)., Climate: Semi-arid., History: Native vegetation invaded
by E. angustifolia; overbank flooding diminished by surface water controls in early
to mid 20th century. Remains flood-prone. Former river channel.,
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.749198 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.749198 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
34.590125 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
34.590125 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1458 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1458 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Geographic Goverage: |
| Geographic Description: |
Location: La Joya State Game Refuge, west side of Rio Grande, approx. 3.5 km downstream
(S) of Rio Puerco confluence with Rio Grande.Landform: Riparian, Geology: Alluvial
floodplain., Soils: Sand/silt, saturated at 0 - 2 m depth., Hydrology: Riverine, shallow
water table., Vegetation: Phreatophyte (E. angustifolia- and S. exigua-dominated).,
Climate: Semi-arid., History: Native vegetation invaded by E. angustifolia; overbank
flooding diminished by surface water controls in early to mid 20th century. Remains
flood-prone. Former river channel.,
|
| Bounding Coordinates: |
| West Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.859 |
| East Bounding Coordinates: |
-106.859 |
| North Bounding Coordinates: |
34.34715 |
| South Bounding Coordinates: |
34.34715 |
| Bounding Altitude: |
| Altitude Minimum: |
1435 |
| Altitude Maximum: |
1435 |
| Altitude Units: |
meter |
|
|
|
| Temporal Coverage: |
| Date Range: |
| Begin Date: |
| Calendar Date: |
1999-01-01 |
|
| End Date: |
| Calendar Date: |
2011-12-31 |
|
|
|
|
| Contact: |
| Position Title: |
Information Manager |
| Organization: |
LTER Network Office |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
UNM Biology Department, MSC03-2020 |
| Delivery Address: |
1 University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Locality: |
NM |
| Postal Code: |
87131-0001 |
| Phone: |
USA |
|
| Phone: |
505 277-2535 |
| Phone: |
505 277-2541 |
| Email: |
tech-support@lternet.edu |
| URL: |
http://www.lternet.edu |
|
| Contact: |
| Individual: |
Jim Thibault |
| Organization: |
SEV LTER |
| Physical Address: |
| Delivery Address: |
UNM Biology Dept, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico |
| City: |
Albuquerque |
| Locality: |
NM |
| Postal Code: |
87131 |
| Phone: |
United States of America |
|
| Phone: |
(505) 277-1151 |
| Phone: |
(505) 277.6318 |
| Email: |
jrtebo@sevilleta.unm.edu |
|
| Publication Place: |
Sevilleta LTER |
| Method Step: |
| Description: |
| Three-dimensional eddy covariance: Measures fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat,
and momentum, integrated over an area such as a vegetation canopy. High frequency
measurements are made of vertical wind speed and water vapor, and their covariance
over thirty minutes is used to compute latent heat flux, the heat absorbed by evaporation,
from the canopy surface. Latent heat flux (LE) is converted to a direct measurement
of evapotranspiration (ET). Simultaneous, high frequency measurements of temperature
are used with vertical wind speed to compute the sensible heat flux (H), the heat
transfer due to vertical temperature gradients. Measuring net radiation (Rn) and
ground heat flux (G), allows the energy balance to be calculated (Rn = LE + H + G),
providing a self-check for accuracy and closure error. Sites: Two Rio Grande riparian
locations in P. deltoides forests, two in T. chinensis forests. In each forest type,
one of the two sites is prone to flooding from elevated Rio Grande flows, and the
other site does not flood. A fifth site was located in a mix of non-native Eleagnus
angustifolia (Russian olive) and native Salix exigua (coyote willow) prone to flooding.
Design: Eddy covariance systems were mounted on towers in the turbulent surface layer
2-2.5 m above the canopy. Measurement period was 10 Hz and the covariance period
was 30 minutes. Additional energy fluxes were made at 1 Hz and averaged over 30 minutes.
Water table fluctuations were monitored at the sights with groundwater wells installed
~ 1 m below baseflow water table. Wells were constructed of 5 cm inner diameter PVC
pipe with approximately 1 m screen lengths. Automated pressure transducers were deployed
to measure water table elevations at 30-minute intervals.Precision: Thirty minute
average or total (e.g., precipitation) core data from field instruments and processed
field data (thirty minute or daily average or total. Data are programmed for IEEE4
4 byte floating point output (~ 7 digits), but actual precision values are not apparent
in the program or in many instrument manuals. Missing Data: Direct-from-field data
time stamps are excluded if data are missing.
|
|
|
| Instrumentation: |
Current Instruments: Instrument Name: 3-D Sonic Anemometer Manufacturer: Campbell
Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) Model Number: CSAT3 Instrument Name: CO2/H2O Analyzer
Manufacturer: Li-Cor, Inc. (Lincoln, NE) Model Number: LI-7500 Instrument Name:
Net Radiometer Manufacturer: Kipp and Zonen (Delft, The Netherlands) Model Number:
CNR1 Instrument Name: Barometric Pressure Sensor Manufacturer: Vaisala (Helsinki,
Finland) Model Number: CS105 Instrument Name: Temperature and Relative Humidity
Probe Manufacturer: Vaisala (Helsinki, Finland) Model Number: HMP45C Instrument
Name: Wind Sentry (Anemometer and Vane) Manufacturer: R.M. Young (Traverse City, MI)
Model Number: 03001 Instrument Name: Tipping Bucket Rain Gage Manufacturer: Texas
Electronics, Inc. (Dallas, TX) Model Number: TE525 Instrument Name: Quantum Sensor
(PAR) Manufacturer: Li-Cor, Inc. (Lincoln, NE) Model Number: LI-190 Instrument Name:
Water Content Reflectometer Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) Model
Number: CS616 Instrument Name: Soil Heat Flux Plate Manufacturer: Radiation and
Energy Balance Systems, Inc. (Bellevue, WA) Model Number: HFT3 Instrument Name:
Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan,
UT) Model Number: TCAV Instrument Name: Measurement and Control System (Datalogger)
Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT) Model Number: CR5000 Instrument
Name: Levelogger and Barologger (Water Table) Manufacturer: Solinst Canada Ltd. (Georgetown,
ON, Canada) Model Number: 3001 LT M10 and 3001 LT M1.5 Instrument Name: Mini-Diver,
Cera-Diver, and Baro-Diver (Water Table) Manufacturer: Van Essen Instruments ((Delft,
The Netherlands) Model Number: DI501, DI701, and DI500 Discontinued Instruments:
Instrument Name: Krypton Hygrometer Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan,
UT) Model Number: KH2O Instrument Name: Net Radiometer Manufacturer: Radiation and
Energy Balance Systems, Inc. (Bellevue, WA) Model Number: Q-7.1 Instrument Name:
Pyranometer Manufacturer: Kipp and Zonen (Delft, The Netherlands) Model Number: CM3
Instrument Name: Micrologger Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT)
Model Number: CR23X Instrument Name: Submersible Sensor Pressure Transducer (Water
Table) Manufacturer: Electronic Engineering Innovations (Las Cruces, NM) Model Number:
2.0 (2 m) and 5.0 (4 m)
|
|
| Quality Control: |
| Description: |
| a] Before ET is computed from LE, various standard corrections are applied. These
include: coordinate rotation to align the wind vector with the sonic anemometer, corrections
developed from frequency response relationships that incorporate sensor line averaging
and separation (Massman corrections), and corrections to account for flux effects
on vapor density as opposed to mixing ratio measurements. Corrections are made in
a data analysis (Perl) program. See Cleverly, et al., Hydrological Processes 20:
3207-3225, 2006 for more detail and references. b] On days in which 1-4 of the
30 min LE values are missing, a general linear regression model between LE and Rn
is used to estimate missing data whenever the regression coefficient was significantly
different from 0 (i.e. p more than 0.5). ET is not calculated from LE on days that
do not match the above criteria. c] Other missing data required for derived data
values, as well as out of range data are filtered out in data analysis (Perl) programs.
d] Closure of the energy balance is achieved by adding the measured Bowen Ration
(H/LE) components to H and LE. Closure represents the error introduced when applying
the energy balance method to estimate ET: closure = Rn - LE - H - G. The measured
Bowen Ratio, H / LE, is used to parse the closure value into component H and LE values.
e] Soil water content data are calibrated with soil water content (% vol) values
measured from field samples by linear regression in a data analysis (Perl) program.
f] Well loggers are pressure transducers that measure absolute pressure (barometric
plus water column pressures). An on-site barometric pressure transducer suspended
above the water table is calibrated to quantify pressure in units of elevation head,
which is subtracted from absolute head to arrive at the actual water level. g]
Well data are calibrated using periodic manual measurements of water table elevations.
|
|
|
| Data Table: |
| Entity Name: |
sev192_bosqueET_20150730.txt |
| Entity Description: |
Data from eddy covariance towers along the Rio Grande River, Central New Mexico.
|
| Object Name: |
sev192_bosqueET_20150730.txt |
| Data Format: |
| Text Format: |
| Number of Header Lines: |
1 |
| Record Delimiter: |
\r\n |
| Attribute Orientation: |
column |
| Simple Delimited: |
| Field Delimiter: |
, |
|
|
|
| Distribution: |
| Online: |
| URL: |
https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-sev/192/243559/99f5b53fa4f7b7b318be52800cce1ad2 |
|
|
| Coverage: |
| Temporal Coverage: |
| Date Range: |
| Begin Date: |
| Calendar Date: |
1999-01-01 |
|
| End Date: |
| Calendar Date: |
2011-12-31 |
|
|
|
|
| Attribute List: |
| Attribute Name: |
Site |
| Attribute Label: |
Site |
| Attribute Definition: |
Site in the Rio Grande River bosque where ET tower was located. |
| Storage Type: |
string |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Nominal: |
| Non Numeric Domain: |
| Enumerated Domain: |
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
sev |
| Definition: |
Sevilleta saltcedar |
|
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
bdas |
| Definition: |
Bosque del Apache saltcedar |
|
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
shk |
| Definition: |
Albuquerque cottonwood |
|
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
bln |
| Definition: |
Belen cottonwood |
|
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
laro |
| Definition: |
La Joya Russian olive/willow |
|
|
|
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
Year |
| Attribute Label: |
Year |
| Attribute Definition: |
Year of data collection |
| Storage Type: |
date |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Datetime: |
| Format String: |
YYYY |
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
Day |
| Attribute Label: |
Day |
| Attribute Definition: |
Day of the year on which data were collected |
| Storage Type: |
date |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Datetime: |
| Format String: |
DD |
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
ET |
| Attribute Label: |
ET |
| Attribute Definition: |
Daytime evapotranspiration from tower flux measurements of latent heat flux. Computational
method: Sum of 30-min ET values when Rn_AVG more than 0. ET = LE / (latent heat
of vaporization, kJ/kg * density of water, kg/m3)
|
| Measurement Scale: |
| Ratio: |
| Unit: |
|
| Custom Unit: |
millimeterPerDay |
| Precision: |
0.01 |
| Numeric Domain: |
| Number Type: |
real |
|
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
ET_est |
| Attribute Label: |
ET_est |
| Attribute Definition: |
Estimated daily daytime evapotranspiration when 1-4 30 minute values are missing.
Computational method: ET estimated from general linear regression model between ET
and net radiation (Rn) whenever the regression coefficient is significantly different
from 0 (p more than 0.05).
|
| Storage Type: |
string |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Nominal: |
| Non Numeric Domain: |
| Text Domain: |
| Definition: |
Estimated daily daytime evapotranspiration when 1-4 30 minute values are missing.
Computational method: ET estimated from general linear regression model between ET
and net radiation (Rn) whenever the regression coefficient is significantly different
from 0 (p more than 0.05).
|
|
|
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
closed_ET |
| Attribute Label: |
closed_ET |
| Attribute Definition: |
Daytime evapotranspiration corrected with closure forcing. Computational Method:
Daytime ET (ET or ET_est) + closure, where closure represents the error introduced
when applying the energy balance method to estimate ET: closure = Rn - LE - H - G
(soil heat flux). The measured Bowen Ratio, H / LE, is used to parse the closure
value into component H and LE values.
|
| Storage Type: |
string |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Nominal: |
| Non Numeric Domain: |
| Text Domain: |
| Definition: |
Daytime evapotranspiration corrected with closure forcing. Computational Method:
Daytime ET (ET or ET_est) + closure, where closure represents the error introduced
when applying the energy balance method to estimate ET: closure = Rn - LE - H - G
(soil heat flux). The measured Bowen Ratio, H / LE, is used to parse the closure
value into component H and LE values.
|
|
|
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
night_ET |
| Attribute Label: |
night_ET |
| Attribute Definition: |
Nighttime daily evapotranspiration. ET from tower flux measurements of latent heat
flux. Computational method: Daytime ET (ET or ET_est) + closure, where closure represents
the error introduced when applying the energy balance method to estimate ET: closure
= Rn - LE - H - G (soil heat flux). The measured Bowen Ratio, H / LE, is used to
parse the closure value into component H and LE values.
|
| Storage Type: |
string |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Nominal: |
| Non Numeric Domain: |
| Text Domain: |
| Definition: |
Nighttime daily evapotranspiration. ET from tower flux measurements of latent heat
flux. Computational method: Daytime ET (ET or ET_est) + closure, where closure represents
the error introduced when applying the energy balance method to estimate ET: closure
= Rn - LE - H - G (soil heat flux). The measured Bowen Ratio, H / LE, is used to
parse the closure value into component H and LE values.
|
|
|
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
TotalET |
| Attribute Label: |
TotalET |
| Attribute Definition: |
Total Daily ET. Computational method: TotalET = closed_ET + night_ET. |
| Storage Type: |
string |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Nominal: |
| Non Numeric Domain: |
| Text Domain: |
| Definition: |
Total Daily ET. Computational method: TotalET = closed_ET + night_ET. |
|
|
|
|
| Attribute Name: |
Instrument |
| Attribute Label: |
Instrument |
| Attribute Definition: |
Instrument used to measure latent heat flux |
| Storage Type: |
string |
| Measurement Scale: |
| Nominal: |
| Non Numeric Domain: |
| Enumerated Domain: |
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
kh |
| Definition: |
krypton hygrometer |
|
| Code Definition: |
| Code: |
irga |
| Definition: |
infrared gas analyzer |
|
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